Lingolol

Stefan F. WirthThe <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/redclover" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#redclover</a> <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/Trifolium" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Trifolium</a> <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/pratense" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pratense</a> (<a href="https://biologists.social/tags/Faboideae" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Faboideae</a>) is a common <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/plant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#plant</a> in Central Europe, growing on nutrient-rich <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/meadows" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#meadows</a>. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northwest Africa, but was introduced to North/South America a long time ago. It is <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/pollinated" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pollinated</a> bumblebees/bees with long proboscis. It is <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/parasitized" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#parasitized</a> by, i.a., <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/seedweevils" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#seedweevils</a> of the genus Tychius. A weevil of may be this taxon, is visible in my <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/photos" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#photos</a>. <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/Biodiversity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Biodiversity</a> © <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/StefanFWirth" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#StefanFWirth</a> <a href="https://biologists.social/tags/Berlin" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Berlin</a> 2025 photos: © S.F. Wirth, Berlin 2025

Dezene Huber 🌻How cool is a <a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/palm" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#palm</a> that <a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/flowers" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#flowers</a> and <a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/fruits" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#fruits</a> underground?Explainer 🔗: <a href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/the-palm-that-flowers-underground" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/the-palm-that-flowers-underground</a>OA 🔗: <a href="https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ppp3.10393" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ppp3.10393</a>Of course, questions abound. E.g., how on earth is this <a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/pollinated" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pollinated</a>?While scientists only learned about this <a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/plant" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#plant</a> recently:"It is known in at least three <a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/Bornean" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Bornean</a> <a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/languages" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#languages</a> by four different names: Pinang Tanah (Malay, West Kalimantan), Pinang Pipit, Muring Pelandok (both Kadorih, Central Kalimantan), and Tudong Pelandok (Iban, Sarawak)."<a href="https://ecoevo.social/tags/biodiversity" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#biodiversity</a> 🌴

Sarah ArnoldCocoa is especially <a href="https://sciencemastodon.com/tags/pollinated" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#pollinated</a> by <a href="https://sciencemastodon.com/tags/Ceratopogonidae" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Ceratopogonidae</a> midges, particularly the genus <a href="https://sciencemastodon.com/tags/Forcipomyia" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Forcipomyia</a>. However...lots of other insects of similar size may play a role. This could include thrips, gall midges, fruit flies, etc. Gall midges are particularly common on cocoa plantations.But Forcipomyia respond to the odour of <a href="https://sciencemastodon.com/tags/cocoa" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#cocoa</a> flowers, and have hairy bodies that cocoa pollen clings to, so they can carry more grains than many other flower visitors. So it's likely that they're most efficient.

Jennifer Ebeling<a href="https://mindly.social/tags/December" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#December</a> 17, 1858 <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/OTD" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#OTD</a> Charles Morren, <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Belgian" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Belgian</a> <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Botanist" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Botanist</a> & <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Horticulturist" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Horticulturist</a>, died.He <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Solved" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Solved</a> a 300-year-old <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Botanical" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Botanical</a> <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Mystery" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Mystery</a> when he <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Discovered" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Discovered</a> that <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Vanilla" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Vanilla</a> was <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Pollinated" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Pollinated</a> by the <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Melipone" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Melipone</a> ("meh-lip-in-ah") <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Bee" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Bee</a>, a <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Social" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Social</a> & stingless bee <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Native" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Native</a> to <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Mexico" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Mexico</a>. Like <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Monarchs" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Monarchs</a> + <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Milkweed" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Milkweed</a>, they <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/CoEvolved" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#CoEvolved</a> over <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Time" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Time</a>.In 1841, Edmond Albius, a 12-year-old slave discovered that Vanilla could be pollinated w/ a <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Blade" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Blade</a> of <a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Grass" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Grass</a> or stick. Today almost all vanilla is hand-pollinated.<a href="https://mindly.social/tags/Spice" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#Spice</a>

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