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#WarUpdates
Weekly highlight from your anarchist comrades in #NES
19.05.25 - 25.05.25

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# ISIS RESURGENCE REACHING NEW LEVELS

Daesh continue attacking SDF checkpoints in eastern Deir Ezzor in the context of a worrying resurgence of their activities, passing from isolated strikes to coordinated operations. The partial withdrawal of US forces from NES with the evacuation of some bases located in Deir Ez Zor coincides with the increase of ISIS activities and puts a heavy burden on the shoulders of SDF. Many jihadist groups previously located in Idlib are disappointed with the direction of HTS. This disappointment creates a fertile ground for ISIS recruiters, already calling for their former members to rejoin their ranks, inviting also SNA groups to pledge allegiance to the Islamic state. Forces of the General Security Services (GSS) also carried out operations against ISIS cells in Aleppo after new attacks against GSS checkpoints in Deir Ezzor.

# ATTACK ON RUSSIAN AIR BASE

"Burkan al Furat” claimed the attack on Russian forces at Hmeimim air base that killed two Russian soldiers. They published a statement giving the Russians one month to leave Syria before they attack again. The Islamist group also announced that two of its fighters were killed, including ex-Hayat Tahrir al Sham (HTS) military trainer Abu Jihad Masri. The syrian transitional goverment declared that they acted without approval from the Central Security Services.

# TENSIONS IN SUWEYDA CONTINUE

Armed attacks and confrontations continue escalating amid the challenges faced by the transitional government and Druze forces in maintaining security in Suwayda Province. Local armed groups have engaged in repeated incidents of theft and other various criminal activities in Suwayda in recent days. A leader of "Men of Dignity" complained that the government has not provided local police institutions with any logistical support or equipment since the May 1 agreement. A new Druze faction known as the “National Guard Forces” recently formed in Suwayda Province, likely due to continued distrust between some Druze and local Sunni communities and the government's continued security challenges.

# RENEWED TENSIONS BETWEEN SDF AND SNA AT TISHREEN DAM

SDF and SNA factions are advancing towards each other west of Tishreen Dam, in the Manbij countryside. Some clashes recently took place there, and it is not clear if Damascus sanctioned the SNA’s recent activity near Tishreen Dam or if they continue to act independently. The existence of SNA-dominated army units that do not answer to Damascus risks discouraging Kurdish militants from integrating into the state due to the SNA’s historic abuses against the Kurdish population.

# DAMASCUS DELEGATION IN AL-HOL

A delegation from the Syrian transitional government visited Hol Camp to discuss the conditions of Syrian residents. The delegation included representatives from the ministries of Interior and Foreign Affairs, the intelligence services, as well as officials responsible for counterterrorism efforts within the Syrian transitional government, accompanied by representatives of the U.S.-led Global Coalition.
The delegation held a meeting with representatives of the DAANES and the camp’s administration, discussing the potential return of Syrian residents in the camp to their home areas and villages.

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28.04.25 - 04.05.25

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# CLASHES IN DRUZE REGIONS
After an audio of a druze sheik insulting prophet Mohamed spread in social networks, extremist sunni groups attacked checkpoints on druze areas, targetings druze self-defense forces as well as checkpoint of the General Security Services (GSS) of the Ministry of Defense. The audio was confirmed fake, but clashes escalated with dozens of deads and many injured. Druze leaders condemned the attacks, some blaming the transitional government and comparing it with the massacres in coastal areas.
Among those killed in clashes there is a leading figure of "men of dignity", the biggest local druze force, currently in negotiations with the provisional government to integrate forces in the new Syrian army. Several fighters of the GSS were also killed, as more forces were deployed in the region to deter further attacks against druze population. Delegetes of the provisional government held meetings with druze leaders to de-escalate the situation.

# ISRAELI BOMBING CAMPAGIN
With the tensions surrounding the clashes on Druze regions, Israel bombed some positions where clashes were taking place. They also launched a wider bombing campaign targeting military positions of the GSS. One of the bombs was dropped a few meters away of the presidential Palace in Damascus. Israel ministery of Defense declared that the bombing was a warning to stop the attacks against Druze population, announcing plans for further attacks and expansion of their military campaign if the provisional government doesn't protect minorities. Many military positions around Syria were targeted, destroying military infrastructure and injuring military personnel. Some Druze civilians were also killed in one of the bombings of Israel. Many governments strongly condemned the attacks of Israel, including UN delegates, denouncing how Israel interference is threatening the stability of Syria.

# STALLING OF THE NEGOTIATIONS WITH NES
No new steps were taken in the negotiations after the agreements of March 10 were signed by Mazlum Abdi and Ahmed al-Shara. The damascus government criticized the conference of Kurdish national unity, accusing it of an effort to create division and separatism. Calls of the DAANES for a federal Syria are not being listen to by the central government, that sees the efforts to sustain the self-government structures as a threat to their model of centralized government. GSS forces have been deploying in the suroundings of Tishreen dam, even if no clashes are taking place there since mid April. SDF is also increasing security in the region, building up tensions that can spark future conflicts.

# ISIS LEADER CAPTURED IN DEIR EZZOR
SDF captured a senior leader of the Islamic State (ISIS) in the eastern countryside of Deir ez-Zor, eastern Syria. The continued work to monitor and target high rank ISIS insurgents, with support of the international coalition. The arrested leader served as the head of an ISIS cell focused on extorting money from civilians. A large cache of weapons and ammunition was also captured during the operation.

# TURKEY BUILDING GAS PIPE IN IDLIB
The ministeries of energy of Syria and Turkey announced new agreements to provide energy to Syria. A new gas pipe is being build in Idlib, with promises to supply up to 6 million cubic liters of gas to power plans in Syria, with promises of a second pipe line also being build. A general framework agreement on energy cooperation between Syria and Turkey is expected to be signed soon.

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# EVALUATION
The clashes in Suweida and the attacks on druze regions, south of Damascus, are a trigger warning for all minorities in Syria. The recent massacres against Alawites are still very present for many, especially for those who oppose the power grab of al-Shara. Maybe because of that, the central goverment seems to be reacting much faster that they did in the coastal regions, with rapid deployment of security forces to prevent a spiral of violence going out of control.

Kurdish areas are closely following the events, knowing that if this can happen to the Alawites and the Druze, the Kurds may be next. These incidents may affect the negotiations about integration of SDF in the new Syrian army, because if the transitional government can't prevent attacks on minorities, autonomous means of self-defense are the only way to ensure security. The tensions are also to be noticed in Tishreen dam, where military presence is building up in both sides of the river.

The Israeli attacks are using the incidents in Druze regions as an excuse to promote their agenda, destroying military infrastructure and justifying their armed operations in Syria. Turkey is among the strongest voices against the Israeli attacks, fueling tensions between the two major competing powers for influence in the region.

For someone with a hammer, everything looks like a nail. Syria has been drowning in war for over a decade, with military force being the dominant force that shaped the present. It is not easy to escape that spiral of violence, and even after the regime has fallen, demilitarization of a conflict is a very complicated process.

Looking at the rest of the world, at how many states are racing to increase their military budgets to unseen levels, it is more clear every day that we are moving globally towards war. This is not something we wanted to see, but we also have a responsibility to understand what is happening around us and react to it. We need to be ready for what is comming, and start working today to build the means of resistance that we will need tomorrow. When the war starts, it is often to late, and only those who are ready to face the challenges that arise can bring their proposals on the table.

Revolutionary greetings!

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#NewsFromTheFront
Biweekly update from your anarchist comrades in #NES
24.02.25-09.03.25

Also available on https://tekosinaanarsist.noblogs.org/category/war-updates/

# Uprisings in coastal areas

In the last days, a new wave of insurgent attacks against the military forces of HTS spread around Latakia, near the strongholds of the ousted Assad regime. The situation spiraled out of control, with protests and massacres taking place. The new Syrian army is undertaking the biggest security operation of their short history, with newly created units deployed to secure the area. Insurgent cells set up ambushes and small attacks on several checkpoints, and Alawites are organizing protests to denounce the brutalities they suffer. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights is reporting over a 1000 killed in the ongoing clashes. Some Islamist groups linked to the SNA, not yet integrated in the new Syrian Army, are also deploying in the region. Videos of massacres against Alawite population are spreading in social media while many actors, from the DAANES to the UN, call for an end of hostilities. The transitional government forces are now in control of the main populated regions of Latakia, but in rural areas insurgency attacks and security operations continue. Senior officers of the ousted regime are being captured, others are leading insurgent groups and calling for negotiations with the government. The group called "Syrian popular resistance" claimed some of the attacks against government forces, but even if several attacks are coordinated at the same time it seems unlikely that there is any unified insurgent organization. Transitional government forces also deployed alongside Lebanon border to prevent Hezbollah to support the insurgency, despite Hezbollah stating they have nothing to do with it. A brutal response from security forces, targeting not just the insurgent groups but the Alawite population in general, will probably spark more resentment fueling further escalation.

# No government transition after the "National dialog conference"

On February 24th a 2-day conference was held in the presidential palace of Damascus, with more than 500 people invited to attend. Nevertheless, the invitations were sent less than 48 before the event, making any meaningful participation quite difficult. The invited delegates were mostly figures close to HTS and there was an absence of representation from women, minorities and other political forces. At the end of the conference a final statement was shared, echoing the already announced goals of the transitional government. The conference became a process to legitimize a constitutional committee that will write a provisional constitution for Syria that will need to be approved by the provisional president of Syria Ahmed al-Sharaa. An interim legislative council will assume temporary legislative duties until elections will be held for a permanent legislature. Al-Sharaa implied that the interim government would be responsible to appoint the members of these two bodies.

# Alternative national dialogue conference in Raqqa

Political entities of Northeast Syria not invited to the "National dialog conference", organized an alternative conference in Raqqa. More than 300 representatives of ethnic minorities and political forces not invited to the conference in Damascus joined this alternative conference, calling for a decentralized and democratic Syria. The conference's final statement calls to apply the system of democratic autonomy of northeastern Syria as a model to build a pluralistic and democratic country.

# Statement of Öcalan

At the end of February the delegation that visited Abdullah Ocalan shared a statement calling for a peace process in Turkey. The statement called the PKK to lay down weapons and organize a congress to dissolve the Party. The next day PKK central committee shared a statement welcoming the call of Ocalan and declaring a unilateral ceasefire, urging the Turkish state to initiate a process of democratization needed for peace negotiations to happen. They also called for the liberation of Ocalan, pointing out that only he can lead a congress where PKK can take such important decisions as laying down weapons and dissolving itself, putting the ball in Turkey's court. The AKP government announced that it will not negotiate with PKK.

# Reaction of SDF and PYD to Öcalan's announcement

Mazlum Abdi welcomed the message of Abdullah Ocalan and stated that the call for PKK to disarm doesn't apply to SDF, and that it will continue its work to defend the people of northeastern Syria against the military threats of Turkish forces. The spokesperson of PYD announced that “if the reasons for carrying weapons disappear, we will lay them down,” implying that the SDF will not disarm until Turkey and the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) cease attacks on the SDF in northeastern Syria.

# Southern Syria and the Druze question

The situation in southern Syria was going on a path to normalization with the transitional government forces. "Men of dignity", the main Druze armed faction, together with other smaller groups, reached an agreement to establish Suwaydawi-led security forces under interim Syrian government control in Suwayda Province. The Druze militias and interim government agreed that local leaders and residents from Suwayda would comprise the province’s security units, although it is unclear if Suwaydawis will have a majority presence in the units or if the units will only be comprised of Suwaydawis. With this agreement HTS forces were allowed to deploy in the region that before they were not allowed to access. This came with the ongoing escalation of Israel aggression in the region, that has been using the protection of the Druze community as an excuse to legitimize their deployment and extension of the "security zone", building new military bases beyond their already occupied areas. IDF also conducted new ground operations to destroy military targets in further regions of southern Syria.

# Evaluation

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17.02.25-24.02.25

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# Ongoing clashes in Euphrates region

Heavy clashes continue to take place in the western shore of the Eufrates river around Tishreen Dam and Qereqozah bridge. Turkish planes and drones had been targeting SDF positions together with continued attacks of heavy weapons, as new waves of Turkish proxies launched offensives against SDF positions. The civilian vigil that started on January 8th continues, with new convoys arriving every few days. HTS forces recently deployed forces in Jarablus, near the Euphrates river and next to the Turkish border, in convoys that arrived from Turkish territory into the border city.

# Preparations for the "national dialog conference"

The HTS aligned preparatory committee for the "national dialog conference" have been holding meetings in Damascus with delegates from different provinces of Syria. Anti-Kurdish statements had been made by the president of the committee, that made clear that neither SDF nor PYD will be invited to the "national dialog conference". The participation to those meetings has been therefore controlled by that committee, that made public statements after the meetings concerning the provinces of Raqqa, Hasakah and Deir Ezzor calling for the dissolution of SDF. A video was shared on social media allegedly showing an SDF/DAANES delegate being expelled from one of these sessions. ENKS, political rival of PYD and in opposition to SDF, also criticized the decisions of holding those meetings outside SDF controlled territories and with very limited scope of participation.

# Efforts to return Iraqi nationals from al-Hol camp

A new group of Iraqis sheltered in Hol Camp, hosting families captured in the campaign against the caliphate of ISIS, returned to their country. This process is part of the joint work by the Autonomous Administration and the Iraqi Parliament's Committee on Migration, Displacement and Community Reconciliation. The new group, which is the fifth to leave the camp since the beginning of 2025, consists of 618 people (167 families). The Iraqi administration will reportedly resettle these migrants, who have returned voluntarily, to Jeda Camp in Nineveh. Since 2022, 22 Iraqi groups have left Hol Camp and returned to their country.

# On economy and HTS unfulfilled promises

At a time when Syria’s economy is struggling with inflation, currency devaluation, and rising unemployment, a recent report issued by the Syrian Central Bank on the country’s general inflation rate of 2024 is questioned by several economists, dismissing the Central Bank’s numbers as inaccurate and unreliable.
The head of the Chamber of Industry in Damascus also criticized the Syrian provisional government for their unfulfilled promises to support the industrial sector and incentivize economy. After the fall of the Assad regime, 100,000 Syrians returned from the bordering countries. In a context where it is already hard to maintain the jobs of industrial workers, the lack of measures to answer the need of the newcomers will deepen the humanitarian and economical crisis already ongoing in Syria. On the other side, the announcement of the EU to lift the sanctions on energy, transport and banking on Monday 24th of February can bring important economical changes.

# Trade unions against Syrian government's decisions

The Syrian provisional government fired 400,000 workers connected to services and administration of the Syrian State. This was presented as part of a "government restructuring plan", at a time when Syria’s economy is struggling with inflation, currency devaluation, and rising unemployment. Damascus workers’ unions organized demonstrations to protest the decision, calling for a suspension of the dismissals and the creation of independent review committees to reassess the process.

# Tribal clashes growing in Deir Ezzor

Inhabitants of Deir ez zor are witnessing a surge in deadly clan clashes, increasing local insecurity and heightening residents’ fears, that already left nearly 20 dead and more than 100 injured by gunshots. Most of the victims are civilians uninvolved in the clashes. Community development initiatives promoting dialogue and reconciliation among tribes are unsuccessful, partly due to the fear of repression and increase of violence. Some civilians of the region recently called for “support from local and international organizations to motivate residents to work together”.

# HTS and the of Southern Operation Room

Banyan Hariri, commander of the Southern Operations Room and member of HTS since 2018, has been promoted to colonel and assigned as commander of the military forces in the region of Hawran. His forces from the Southern Operations Room are being merged an integrated under the Defense Ministry together with soldiers of the SAA who fought on the ranks the dissolved Assad regime. The region of Hawran include Daraa and Suweyda, neighboring with the occupied Golan heights and the newly expanded "security zone" of Israel. This process is also happening together with increased security operations of the provisional government against old regime loyalists and drug dealers.

# New military council in Suweyda

In Suweyda, the police command has been reactivated in coordination with the provisional government, and a similar process to resettle soldiers of the SAA started. After meeting with delegates from the provisional government, Druze leader Sheikh Hikmat al-Hajri declared that men from Suweyda joining the army will serve in their regions, and that those who don't want to join military service will continue their civilian lives. Allegedly, on February 22nd, a statement of a new military council of Suweyda was shared on social media, rejecting the integration of their forces in the ministry of defense of the HTS provisional government. We are not sure yet what this implies.

# Israel not-anymore-temporal security zone

Israel defense minister declared that two military posts on mount Hermon and 7 more in the newly occupied "extended buffer zone" will be permanent. Netanyahu called for a demilitarization of the southern Syria and Israel intentions to not allow military forces of HTS provisional government deploy on the areas south of Damascus. Netanyahu expressed concerns about the safety of the Druze community, stating that they won't tolerate threats against them.

# Analysis

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27.01.25-02.02.25

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# ON THE NEW SYRIAN GOVERNMENT'S VICTORY CONGRESS

The Military Operations Administration in Syria announced some dramatic shifts in the country’s governance as results of the so called 'Victory Congress'. This congress was organized with a high degree of secrecy and was held among military leaders of different factions, including SNA. SDF or DAANES delegates were no invited.

__Announcements of the "congress"

- Ahmed al-Sharaa is now the official president of Syria’s transitional phase.
the 2012 Syrian constitution is abolished.
- A temporary legislative council will be established to govern the country until a new constitution is drafted and implemented.
- All military and security institutions previously loyal to the old regime are officially disbanded
- All armed factions and political-revolutionary bodies will be dissolved and integrated into state institutions
- The Ba’ath Party, which had ruled Syria for decades, is officially dissolved

__Key priorities for the transitional phase

1- Establishing a functioning authority to fill the political vacuum.
2- Ensuring civil peace and preventing further internal conflicts.
3- Building state institutions that can serve the Syrian people.
4- Developing a strong economic foundation to drive recovery.
5- Restoring Syria’s international and regional standing.

__Major challenges for the new administration

- Security threats from remaining militant factions and external actors.
- Economic hardship, exacerbated by years of war and sanctions.
- Political divisions within Syrian opposition groups and international stakeholders.

In short, the Military Operations Administration’s decision to dismantle Syria’s previous political and security structures represents the most radical restructuring of the country in decades. The move is expected to face both domestic and international scrutiny, especially as foreign powers —including Russia, Iran, and Turkey— have vested interests in Syria’s political and military landscape.

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# SOME REACTIONS TO THE "VICTORY CONGRESS"

__Declaration of the DAANES

"As the DAANES, we emphasize that these decisions should have been taken at a 'National Congress' with the participation of everyone.
In particular, we do not accept the presence of some terrorists who have the blood of the Syrian people on their hands. Ehmed Ihsan Fayad al-Hayis, who brutally murdered Hevrin Xelef, Secretary General of the Future Syria Party and Mohammad al-Jasim, the head of the Abu Amsha group, complicit in many crimes committed in Afrin, were present at this meeting.
We emphasize once again that this meeting is not legitimate and does not represent the Syrian people.
Any decision to be taken in Syria without a National Congress including all political circles will be incomplete. The most appropriate solution to end the instability in Syria is a national congress. The exclusion or suspension of any party in Syria from the congress will be no different from the practices of the former regime. On this basis, we once again call on the government in Damascus to refrain from such mistakes. Everyone must take part in the making of the new constitution in Syria.
As the DAANES, we once again call for the unity of Syria as part of our national liberation perspective. We emphasize once again that everyone in Syria must have their say about the future of Syria.”

__Reaction of a Syrian journalist, Hussam Hammoud, who covered the Syrian war for BBC, Guardian, al-Monitor and many other media, posted on social networks

What happened yesterday at the so-called “Victory Conference” and the appointment of Sharaa as transitional president was disappointing on multiple levels:

1- A military council, not a revolutionary civilian body, approved it, resembling a coup rather than the revolution of a free nation.

2- Decisions were issued by an unknown legislative authority; there’s no clarity on who approved the dissolution of political institutions or the suspension of the constitution.

3- Civil and political voices were entirely absent, with decision-making confined to military actors.

4- A president was appointed while still technically listed on international terrorism sanctions.

5- “Victory” was declared without securing control over key areas like northeastern and southern Syria.

6- The entire discourse was military-focused, failing to address the Syrian people who sacrificed everything for freedom.

7- Calls for a “national dialogue conference” were actually nothing, what happened lacked civilian representation, reflecting a military-centered vision.

8- Revolutionary political and civil blocs were dissolved by decree and absorbed into the new state, illegally.

9- Military factions remain uncontrolled, a key reason why the conference lacked live coverage, with only select excerpts published to avoid backlash from dissenting military leaders that HTS couldn’t fully gain their trust.

10- The new president’s speeches are aimed at Western media only, not the Syrian people, with no direct address to those on the ground.

11- There was no official Syrian channel for such a critical announcement, Syrians found out about their “new president” through a Telegram message.
The conference was an all-male gathering, mostly Arab and Sunni. Syria is far more diverse than that.

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# OTHER RELEVANT NEWS OF THE WEEK

- Turkish drones and war planes continued their attacks. Besides military targets, ivilians were targeted and killed in Tishreen, Kobane, Sirin and Zirgan.

- Delegations of high military officers and intelligence leaders from the Turkish state visited Damascus this week.

- Turkey declared that SNA accepts the conditions of HTS to get integrated in the new Syrian army.

- Southern military room (Daraa) and Druze armed groups (Sweyda) also accepted an agreement to get integrated in the new Syrian army.

- SDF's conditions to join the new Syrian army were not met, therefore rejected the request to joint under the conditions that HTS proposed, calling to continue negotiations. SDF is now the only force who did not reach an agreement.

- HTS forces deployed on Manbij to assess the security situation.

- Important HTS security operation in Syria-Lebanon border seized several weapon, cracking down on Hezbollah arms smuggling routs.

- HTS continued its operations against regime officials, arresting important figures like Atef Najib, cousin of the former regime president Bashar al-Assad, and former head of the Political Security Branch in Daraa.

- Several insurgent attacks against HTS in different areas has been claimed by the "popular resistance of Syria".

- EU announced that economical sanctions on sectors of finance, energy and transports will be lifted for one year if the interim government ensures an "inclusive political transition".

- Russian delegation visited Damascus, but allegedly they couldn't reach an agreement with the transitional government and agreed to continue negotiations.

Revolutionary greetings!

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