Sofie<p><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FreeMaja" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>FreeMaja</span></a> <br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Hungerstrike" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Hungerstrike</span></a> <br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/Budapestkomplex" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>Budapestkomplex</span></a> <br><a href="https://kolektiva.social/tags/FreeThemAll" class="mention hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">#<span>FreeThemAll</span></a> </p><p>More Informations</p><p>-According to recent reports, anti-fascist Maja, who was illegally extradited to Hungary over a year ago and has been subjected to regular torture ever since, has now been transferred to a prison hospital due to her hunger strike. This is the 32nd day of the hunger strike. According to supporters, eye movement disorders have now been observed, suggesting that she has entered the "ocular phase" of the hunger strike (more details on the hunger phases can be found in our post from June 25). This suggests that Maja has reached an acutely life-threatening condition.</p><p>According to reports, doctors at the Hungarian prison hospital stated that they do not feel bound by Maja's advance directive, which explicitly excludes forced feeding. We would like to put this into context below:</p><p>Force-feeding occurs repeatedly around the world, especially among prisoners on hunger strike. This deprives prisoners, who already have very limited options for protest, of their last means of protest, for example, against prison conditions, and of control over their own bodies.</p><p>Medicine worldwide has a clear principle of decision-making called "informed consent." Doctors do not make the decision themselves; instead, they inform their patients about all the options and risks so that they can make an informed decision about their own bodies. Of course, this has its limits, for example when a person is unconscious. In this case, the person's presumed wishes must be followed. Living wills, authorized representatives, and relatives can all help determine this. There are also exceptions for situations in which patients are no longer able to make decisions for themselves due to their cognitive state, or where there are other risks, such as mental illness or in the case of children. A further limitation is that, of course, no doctor is forced to carry out medically pointless measures just because a patient absolutely wishes it.</p><p>This principle must also be fully applied during a hunger strike, so that the person on hunger strike can make their own decisions about their body. In order to ensure that legally sound documentation of the hunger striker's wishes is available in all eventualities, we recommend, if possible, contacting medical professionals who are in solidarity and who can supervise the hunger strike as early as possible.</p><p>Forced treatment, especially forced feeding, of hunger strikers is thus fundamentally contrary to the basic principle of "informed consent" and contradicts the rules of medical practice. The fact that it continues to occur with medical involvement to this day has prompted the World Medical Association (WMA) to issue several clear statements prohibiting all doctors worldwide from forcing forced treatment of hunger strikers. After the Tokyo Declaration of 1975 prohibited doctors from any involvement in torture and humiliation, which the WMA clearly includes forced feeding, the Malta Declaration of 1991 established detailed regulations for the medical treatment of hunger strikers, which have been repeatedly revised and tightened due to persistent, prohibited forced feeding. The current version states, among other things:<br>“All kinds of interventions for enteral or parenteral feeding against the will of the mentally competent hunger striker are “to be considered as “forced feeding”. Forced feeding is never ethically acceptable. Even if intended to benefit, feeding accompanied by threats, coercion, force or use of physical restraints is a form of inhuman and degrading treatment. Equally unacceptable is the forced feeding of some detainees in order to intimidate or coerce other hunger strikers to stop fasting.”</p><p>The World Medical Association consists of 115 professional associations of physicians around the world. Its declarations are binding for its members and the physicians in their respective countries. For Germany, the German Medical Association is a member of the WMA, as is the Hungarian Medical Association (Magyar Orvosi Kamara). However, unlike the German Medical Association, the latter has limited powers and influence. Doctors' self-government with disciplinary powers, as exists in Germany, does not exist in Hungary. This makes it easier for authorities in Hungary to influence medical decisions and thus enforce treatments that contradict medical practice and human rights. That things can be done differently is demonstrated by a 2010 case in which a court in Switzerland ordered forced feeding during a hunger strike. At the time, the doctors in charge refused to carry out the forced feeding, citing the regulations of the Swiss medical profession, which are based on the Malta Declaration.</p><p>in German below</p><p><a href="https://demosanitaeter.com/zwangsbehandlung-bei-einem-hungerstreik/" rel="nofollow noopener" translate="no" target="_blank"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">demosanitaeter.com/zwangsbehan</span><span class="invisible">dlung-bei-einem-hungerstreik/</span></a></p>