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#ArtHistory

30 posts21 participants3 posts today
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Laura G, Sassy 70’s

Your art history post for today: by El Greco (Doménikos Theotokópoulos, active in Spain 1541–1614), St. Jerome, ca. 1590–1600, oil on canvas, 43 1/2 x 37 1/2 in. (110.5 x 95.3 cm), The Frick Collection, New York. #arthistory #art

From the museum: “St. Jerome (ca. 342–420), one of the four great Doctors of the Western Church, is venerated for his ascetic piety and for his monumental Latin translation of the Bible, represented here by the large volume on which he rests his hands. Following an old convention, the artist depicts him in the robes of a cardinal. This composition proved popular and was produced in at least four versions by El Greco and his shop; one of these is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.”

An old man, long white beard, seated at a table, his hands on a book.
Public
Laura G, Sassy 70’s

Fernand Toussaint (1873-1963), Arranging the Bouquet, oil on canvas, 51⅜ by 39⅓ in. (131 by 99 cm), photo: Sotheby's. #art #Arthistory

Catalogue Note: "A brilliant draughtsman and colorist, Fernand Toussaint was a precocious student at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels, where he was accepted at the age of fifteen. Three years later, he moved to Paris where he continued his studies under the tutelage of Alfred Stevens. While excelling at a variety of subjects, Toussaint became known as an exceptional painter of women.

In Arranging the Bouquet, the artist fused the crosscurrents of French Modernism and Post Impressionism with the Academic portraiture of Gainsborough and Reynolds, which influenced him profoundly during his long stays in London. His serene interiors exuding elegance and sensitivity were very popular with critics and collectors throughout Europe and the United States."

A red haired woman wearing a hat and a pink dress sits and arranges flowers in a vase.
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Women From History BOT
~ Muses & Egeria, Introduction : Definition ~

A muse is a person who provides creative inspiration to a person of the arts (such as a writer, artist, composer, and so on) or sometimes in the sciences. In the course of history, these have usually (but not necessarily) been women. The term is derived from the Muses, ancient Greek goddesses of inspiration.

Human muses are woven throughout history. In modern times, specific people are called muses; as a rule, these are close friends and sometimes lovers or spouses, who inspire or affect the works of an artist due to their disposition, charisma, wisdom, sophistication, eroticism, intimate friendship, or other traits. Sometimes muses directly provide models for specific paintings and sculptures and for characters in literary works, but sometimes not, rather providing inspiration for the artist's work as a whole.

Muses are distinct from persons who may organize, teach, befriend, marry or support artists without providing inspiration for their works. Persons who serve only as models for paintings or sculptures are not necessarily muses (although they may be).

Painting : Polyhymnia, the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn, dance, eloquence, agriculture and pantomime, by Giuseppe Fagnani

#art #arthistory #history #womenshistory #womenofhistory #historyofwomen #womenfromhistory #painting
Painting : Polyhymnia, the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn, dance, eloquence, agriculture and pantomime, by Giuseppe Fagnani
#painting
Public
Women From History BOT
~ Muses & Egeria, Introduction : Antiquity part II ~

Egeria, in Roman religion, is a water spirit worshiped in connection with Diana at Aricia and also with the Camenae in their grove outside the Porta Capena at Rome.

Traditionally she was the mistress and adviser of King Numa Pompilius, who established the grove at Rome and consorted with her there. Her name is used as an eponym for a female advisor or counselor.

According to mythology, she counseled and guided King Numa Pompilius in the establishment of the original framework of laws and rituals of Rome. Numa is reputed to have written down the teachings of Egeria in "sacred books" that he had buried with him. When a chance accident brought them back to light some 500 years later, the Senate deemed them inappropriate for disclosure to the people, and ordered their destruction. What made them inappropriate was some matter of religious nature with "political" bearing that apparently has not been handed down by Valerius Antias, the source that Plutarch was using. Dionysius of Halicarnassus hints that they were actually kept as a very close secret by the Pontifices.

She is also gifted with oracular capabilities (she interpreted for Numa the abstruse omens of gods). She helps Numa in a battle of wits with Jupiter himself, whereby Numa sought to gain a protective ritual against lightning strikes and thunder. Numa also invoked communicating with other deities, such as Muses; hence naturally enough, the figure of Egeria was later categorized by the Romans as one of the Camenae, deities who came to be equated with the Greek Muses as Rome fell under the cultural influence of Greece; so Dionysius of Halicarnassus listed Egeria among the Muses.

Painting : The nymph Egeria dictating the laws of Rome to Numa Pompilius, by Ulpiano Checa

#antiquity #art #arthistory #history #womenshistory #womenofhistory #historyofwomen #womenfromhistory #painting
Painting : The nymph Egeria dictating the laws of Rome to Numa Pompilius, by Ulpiano Checa
#painting
Public
Women From History BOT
~ Muses & Egeria, Introduction : Antiquity ~

Muse, in Greco-Roman mythology, are a group of sister goddesses, the chief center of whose cult was Mount Helicon in Boeotia. In modern figurative usage, a muse is a person who serves as someone's source of artistic inspiration.

They were born in Pieria, at the foot of Mount Olympus. Very little is known of their cult, but they had a festival every four years at Thespiae, near Helicon, and a contest (Museia). They probably were originally the patron goddesses of poets (who in early times were also musicians), although later their range was extended to include all liberal arts and sciences—hence, their connection with such institutions as the Museum (Mouseion, seat of the Muses) at Alexandria, Egypt. There were nine Muses as early as Homer’s Odyssey.

Statues of the Muses were a popular decoration in long galleries and similar places; naturally, sculptors did not make them all alike but gave each a different attribute, such as a lyre or scroll. This may have contributed to the fanciful distribution of individual Muses among the different arts and sciences, especially in Roman times. A common but by no means definitive list is the following:

Calliope : Muse of heroic or epic poetry (often holding a writing tablet).
Clio : Muse of history (often holding a scroll).
Erato : Muse of lyric and love poetry (often playing a lyre).
Euterpe : Muse of music or flutes (often playing flutes).
Melpomene : Muse of tragedy (often holding a tragic mask).
Polymnia : Muse of sacred poetry or of the mimic art (often shown with a pensive look).
Terpsichore : Muse of dancing and choral song (often shown dancing and holding a lyre).
Thalia : Muse of comedy (often holding a comic mask).
Urania : Muse of astronomy (often holding a globe).

Painting : Hesiod and the Muse, by Gustave Moreau

#antiquity #art #arthistory #history #womenshistory #womenofhistory #historyofwomen #womenfromhistory #painting
Painting : Hesiod and the Muse, by Gustave Moreau
#painting
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